Distance Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor (Hc-Sr04) And Arduino

Siva Rama Krishna July 11, 2019 Arduino Projects No comments :

The Arduino is connected to an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, enabling the measurement of distances within a short range, spanning from 2 cm to 400 cm or 1 inch to 13 feet. This adaptable project finds utility in tasks like water level measurement and distance measurement. The HC-SR04 sensor excels in non-contact range detection, providing high accuracy and consistent readings in a user-friendly design. Importantly, its performance remains unaffected by sunlight or material color, distinguishing it from Sharp rangefinders. The HC-SR04 comprises both an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver module.

Components Required:

Arduino Uno with USB 2.0 Cable
Ultrasonic Sensor(HC-SR04)
Jumper Wires
Breadboard

Arduino Uno with USB 2.0 Cable:

Arduino is a user-friendly, open-source electronics platform comprising both hardware and software components. Its design is geared towards enabling individuals involved in creating interactive projects.

Ultrasonic Sensor:

The Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is employed in this setup to measure distances within a range of 2 cm to 400 cm. This is achieved through the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves. The transmitter emits an ultrasonic wave, and the sensor calculates the distance by measuring the time duration between sending the signal and receiving its reflection from the target.

distance can be calculated by using formula:

Distance=(Time duration/2)* Speed of sound in air

(speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per second)

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is used here to measure distance in range of 2 cm - 400 cm based on transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. Transmitter emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. It measure the distance by measuring the time duration between sending and receiving the signal.

Specifications (HC_SR04):

Power Supply :+5V DC
Quiescent Current : <2mA
Working Current: 15mA
Effectual Angle: <15°
Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1" - 13ft
Resolution : 0.3 cm
Measuring Angle: 30 degree
Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS
Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

Jumper Wires:

A jumper wire is an electrical wire equipped with connectors or pins at each end. It is commonly employed to interconnect components without the need for soldering, providing a convenient method for establishing electrical connections between different parts of a circuit.

A jumper wire is an electrical wire with a connector or pin at each end, which is normally used to interconnect the components each other without soldering.

Breadboard:

A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototyping of electronics. It is used to interconnection between sensors and hardware boards using jumper wires.

Connection Diagram:

Connect your components according to the provided diagram and link the USB cable from Arduino to your computer.

Connect your components using jumper wires to Arduino

Arduino Code:

#define trigPin 12

#define echoPin 11

// defines variables

int duration, distance;

void setup ()

{

Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);// Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);// Sets the echoPin as an Input

Serial.print("Ultrasonic Sensor Starting!!!");

Serial.println("");

delay(1000);

}

void loop ()

{

// Clears the trigPin

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance =(duration/2) * 0.0343; // Calculating the distance in cm

// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Distance = ");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.println(" cm");

delay(1000);

}

Upload Code:

Connect Arduino board to computer using USB cable and wait for few seconds then it will show you "Com port".

Check your Com Port and Board Selection before upload arduino code and upload.

Output: